Abstract: The article represents a contribution to the debate on the regulation of inter-state fiscal competition. The study coincides with the mounting scepticism expressed towards the regulatory frameworks devised and implemented by the EU and OECD. The paper contends that unless a common understanding is reached on what is meant by tax incentives, one may not seriously contemplate the regulation of inter-state fiscal competition. As such, it tackles the one issue that is common to any regulatory framework, that is, the identification of tax incentives.